AFRICAN ORIGINS OF "GREEK PHILOSOPHY"
Dr. Yosef ben-Jochannan
Africa; The Mother of Western Civilization, 1971

"THE BASIC THEORY OF PHILOSOPHY IS SALVATION.  This was the foundation upon which the Africans' of Egypt "Mysteries System" was founded. "GREEK PHILOSOPHY", which got its beginnings from the Egyptians and other indigenous Africans of the Nile Valleys and Great Lakes, follows the same fundamental teachings of "SALVATION". The indigenous Africans of Egypt Mysteries System's most important objective was the "DEIFICATION OF MAN". They taught that: THE SOUL OF MAN, IF LIBERATED FROM ITS BODILY ABODE, COULD ENABLE HIM TO BE IN REALITY GOD-LIKE. According to this concept, they also held that: MAN WOULD BE AMONG THE GODS IN HIS LIFETIME ON EARTH AND ATTAIN THE BEATIFIC VISION* IN HOLY COMMUNION WITH THE IMMORTALS .

(See, C.H. Vail, ANCIENT MYSTERIES, p. 25; G.G.M. James, STOLEN LEGACY; and J.G. Jackson & W.N. Huggins, AN INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS.}

It was Plutinus, the Greek, who stated that: ...THE LIBERATION OF THE MIND FROM ITS FINITE CONSCIOUNESS IS SALVATION. But this concept was nothing new when Plutinus echoed it. The "highest step in the attainment of knowledge" in the Africans' Mysteries System was the "third step". This "last step" was defined as the "CREATORS" or "SONS OF LIGHT". It only meant that the candidates had reached the point where they could "identify themselves with (or unite with) the liqht's (Wa's) true spiritual consciousness. (see, W. Marsham Adams, BOOK OF THE MASTER; and, Sir E.A. Wallis-Budge, BOOK OF THE DEAD.)

According to Pietschmann, the Egyptian Mysteries System had three distinctly different grades of students, the THIRD (3rd) or highest STAGE having been already cited in the previous paragraph.

They were as follows: (lst) THE MORTALS: i.e., students on probation under instruction, who had not yet achieved experience into the "inner-vision".(2nd) THE INTELLIGENCES: i.e., those students who had attained the "inner-vision", and received "mind" or "Nous". (3rd) THE CREATORS or SONS OF LIGHT : i.e., those students who became a part of the "spiritual consciousness".

The three steps were also called: INITIATION, ILLUMINATION, and PERFECTION, all of which contained the VIRTUES OF ETERNAL HAPPINESS taught in the 7 LIBERAL ARTS .

It must be noted that a candidate (student) had to excell in the "7 LIBERAL ARTS",5 which were intended to "LIBERATE HIS SOUL". This was necessary, for without that attainment on the part of the candidate there was no way in which he could have reached the rank (degree) of Priest or be entered into the priesthood to study the "Greater Mysteries" at the Grand Lodge of Luxor.

Also, it was at the end of the 3rd stage that the candidate was introduced into the study of "ESOTERIC PHILOSOPHY", which was only taught by the priests in the priesthood. This was truly necessary, because all of the 3rd stage students had to demonstrate a very strong sense of proficiency before they were allowed to matriculate into the "FINAL LEVEL OF WISDOM". (See, C.H. Vail, ANCIENT MYSTERIES, p.24-25.)

The attainment of the witnessing of the DIVINE LOGOS was open to any student who could prove his proficiency in grammar, logic and rhetoric. These were the disciplines of "MORAL NATURE" by which the student's irrational tendencies of behavior were cleansed or otherwise purged -according to the teachings of the African Mysteries System along the Nile Valleys, particularly Kimit (Egypt).

All of the values so far cited were co-opted into another system which is today called "GREEK PHILOSOPHY". This newly created system by "modern historians and educators" uses for its authorities and creators most of the earliest known Ionians and Greeks who studies in Kimit (Egypt) or under Romiti (Egyptian) teachers outside of Kimit(Egypt). Such students included personalities such as Herodotus, Socrates, Hypocrates, Anaxagores, Aristophanes, Plato, Aristotle, and others. In all fairness to the listed Greek students, it must be noted that they did not label the Africans' Mysteries System "GREEK PHILOSOPHY". This term is of very recent origin, as it will be shown in the following pages.

What, then, is the difference between Greek and Egyptian "PHILOSOPHY"? Or, at what point does "GREEK PHILOSOPHY" differ from "EGYPTIAN PHILOSOPHY" (The Mysteries)? When did each begin?

Did any Greek reach the final stage of Perfection?(The education and rites required to reach this stage are detailed on page 376 of Yosef ben-Jochannan; Africa: Mother of Western Civilization. However, there are no records available that any of the Greeks or Ionians reached the stage of "Perfection".)

These are very few of the major questions to be answered in this text. They have exacted exhaustive research and documentation of the historical data, all of which support the following statement: "THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS GREEK PHILOSOPHY."

Answers to the questions raised cannot be definitive enough to create a true separation between that which is being called "GREEK PHILOSOPHY" and its source of origin -the AFRICAN MYSTERIES SYSTEM of Kimit(Egypt). Never-the-less, this investigation begins with the most celebrated of the so-called "Greek Philosophers" -Socrates. But, as one opens the pages of world history, it is very soon discovered that Socrates and many of the other Greeks (during, and after, his era) were persecuted and prosecuted by the Athenian (Greek) Government for teaching its own "GREEK PHILOSOPHY".

This type of "world history" has been the basis upon which "Western man" (or as Professor Jeffreys calls him - "Modern Man " ) eradicated from the pages of history the indigenous Africans from the southern lands of Africa out of north and east Africa. The most common version of the charge against Socrates, as stated by his many fellow Greek citizens, was as follows: "...Socrates is an evildoer, who busies himself with investigating things beneath the earth and in the sky, and who makes the worse appear the better reason, and who teaches others these same things, etc.," .( *This charge was made by Aristophanes around 423 B.C.E. (See, Plato's, APOLOGY, C. 1-10: Aristophanes, FROG, 1071: APOLOGY, 18 8.C.: 19C APOLOGY, 248).

It must be noted, however, that Socrates was officially charged by the Athenian Government as follows: "...Socrates commits a crime by not believing in the Gods of the city (Athens), and by introducing other new Egyptian -African) divinities. He also commits a crime by corrupting the youth...,"etc

Anaxagoras and Aristotle were similarly charged by the Government of Athens (Greece) during different periods. Therefore, it is noteworthy to recall at this juncture that most of the Greeks and Ionians -the so-called "Greek and Ionic Philosophers"-received all of their basic education in Africa, (Egypt in particular) or from others who were educated there. Aristotle, for example, not only received his education in Egypt, he confiscated (stole) entire libraries of the works belonging to the Africans' of Egypt Mysteries System when he entered Egypt with Alexander "the Great" as conquerors in 332 B.C.E. Aristotle even went to the extent of placing his name on the works he confiscated, most of which he claimed authorship many of which predated his birth, especially those which he kept for his private collection. He sent other such works to many of the Greeks (his friends) who are now listed as "GREEK PHILOSOPHERS". They too placed their name on many of the works they received, and also claimed authorship. The works Aristotle did not claim for himself or send to his friends in Greece he allowed to remain in the Library of Alexandri2 -where he started a school with Greek students he had imported. These students were taught by African instructors of the 3rd staqe, many of whom had also reached priesthood -the most noted of them being the High-Priest Manetho.

Aristotle also saw to it that those books which he did not like or understood were destroyed by fire -put to the torch. But, most of the works that were not destroyed were beyond the comprehension of the remaining African teachers, most of whom had witnessed the mass extermination of their own African teachers and priests by the invading armies from Europe -Greece.

The acts which Socrates, Aristotle, Anaxagoras, and others were in fact guilty of committing were the teaching of(and furthering) the studies relating to philosophy, religion, metaphysics and of prompting investigations into astronomy, astrology, geometry, science and medicine, among other things and disciplines.

All of these disciplines were introduced to them when they were students in Egypt, or when they were taught by teachers who studied in Kimit (Egypt). These subjects were basic requirements in the curriculum of African students in the First (lst) Stage of learning in the Africans' of Egypt and other areas of the Nile Valley Mysteries System. These disciplines were foreign to the Greeks and their government in Athens before their contact with the Africans and Asians; the Asians having learned a great deal, up to that time, from their African teachers. As such, they were most dangerous to the Greek city-states. And, each Greek City-State moved to protect itself by "arresting, prosecuting, and persecuting" those whom it felt were the enemies that were undermining its laws and religion.

The Greek government in Athens was no different than the governments of the Soviet Union, the Peoples Republic of China, and the United States of America in this respect. They all stamp out anti-governmental GODS, THOUGHTS, and PHILOSOPHIES, etc., especially when each is dedicated to a different economic system of government. These governments were used in this comparative analysis, but this in no way indicates that any other government will not so act if it had as much to lose as these giants did or do at present.

"SEAUTON GNOTHI" -MAN KNOW THYSELF -is an inscription which the indigenous Africans (Blacks, Negroes, or other names) of Egypt wrote on the inside and outside of their temples and pyramids for thousands of years before the birth of the Ionian - Socrates and even before the birth of the first Hebrew -Abraham (Avram) about c1680 B.C.E. This historical fact has been supported by thousands of papyri, artifacts, and other documentary evidence that have been stolen and otherwise illegally removed from Alkebu-lan(Africa).

The vast majority of this material evidence can be found in hundreds of museums, universities, libraries, and a host of other institutions of learning -including so-called "PRIVATE COLLECTIONS" -throughout the United States of America and Europe. It is to be noted, however, that quite a few still remain in many of the centers of learning in North Africa; primarily in Egypt. If this is true, then why is it that so many "Western" historians and other "educators" - called "authorities" -willingly attributed its origin to Socrates and others whom they have also labeled "GREEK PHILOSOPHERS", each knowing too well that Socrates and the others copied it from the Africans?( See, F. Heller, HISTORYOF PHILOSOPHY, p.105~ S. Clymer, FIRE PHILOSOPHY: and, Max Muller, EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY. The answer is very simple. It is (consciously or sub-consciously) done in order to justify their long-established myth of the "SUPERIORITY OF THE WHITE RACE OVER ALL OTHER RACES ".

At this juncture one needs to reflect somewhat on the teachings and writings of some of these "Western educators", the most noted of them are, or were, men such as Professor M.D.W.Jeffryes, Professor C.P. Groves, Dr. Henri Junod, and Sir Harry H. Johnston.

As one resumes this investigation into the life of the "GREEK PHILOSOPHERS " and "GREEK PHILOSOPHY" it is soon discovered that the same type of distortions on the part of most "Western" educators and historians are quitee evident in the fact that the scientific theory of the FOUR ELEMENTS and FOUR QUALITIES -"THE PRINCIPLE OF OPPOSITES", along with its physical DIAGRAM, is attributed to the genius and authorship of Heracleitus and others called "IONIC PHILOSOPHERS".

Yet, this principle, with no changes what-so-ever, appeared in various African inscriptions and writings on the walls of pyramids (tombs) and on papyri for many thousands of years before the birth of either of the so-called "IONIC PHILOSOPHERS", all of whom were colonial subjects of the Africans of Kimit (Egypt). The origin of the discipline -the PRINCIPLE OF OPOSITES -was unknown to the Ionians before the birth of the first of the so-called "IONIC PHILOSOPHERS", much less known to those who taught the Greeks at a much later date in history. Its origin preceded the era of the Ionians' introduction into the world of literacy through the efforts of their African teachers from Kimit (Egypt), Nubia, Kush, Punt, and other Nile Valleys and East African Great Lakes regions of ancient High-Cultures (civilizations.)

Saying that "the Ionic Philosophers were the first to introduce the PRINCIPLE OF OPPOSITES" is equal to saying that "Moses was the first to give the world the TEN LAWS in the "so-called" TEN COMMANDMENTS of the Hebrew Torah", or that "Jesus Christ was the first to be born of a VIRGIN BIRI'H": when in fact history shows that the NEGATIVE CONFESSIONS, from whence the TEN COMMANDMENTS originated, predated Moses, and that the VIRGIN BIRTH of Isis and Osiris -plus hundreds of other VIRGIN BIRTHS in Egypt and Greece -preceded Jesus Christ (a Jew or Hebrew) birth in Bethlehem, palestine.16 (See, Y. ben-Jochannan, AFRICAN ORIGINS OF THE MAJOR WESTERN RELIGIONS. )

hot

AIR FIRE

wet :: "' --dry

WATER EARTH

cold

DIAGRAM OF THE PRINCIPLE OF OPPOSITES - The Four Elements: AIR, FIRE; WATER, EARTH.

The Four Qualities: Hot, Dry; Wet, Cold. ..& 8 Equal V pole stars.

After the Africans of Egypt developed the fundamental PRINCIPLES OF OPPOSITES as "the underlying factor of life in the universe" and applied it to natural phenomena, Plato came forth with what he selected to call the "THEORY OF IDEAS", which was culminated in his "REPUBLIC: THE IDEAL STATE". However, this work, allegedly by Plato, has been, (and still is) challenged all the time by scholars of every era as to its authorship. One can readily understand why this is so, especially in the references Plato made to the Greeks using "CHARIOTEERS" and "WINGED STEEDS", all of which were already dramatized in the "JUDGEMENT SCENES" of the COFFIN TEXTS -as shown in the BOOK OF THE DEAD, where the proof of its African origin is clearly obvious. Thus, when one examines Plato ' s alleged" ...ALLEGORY OF THE CHARIOTEER" and "WINGED STEED", and in the same instance reflect on the Egyptians' writings in the BOOK OF THE DEAD, one finds the necessary supportive documentary evidence to prove that Plato copied the fundamental basis of his work from African sources. Why is this so?

Because, neither "chariots" nor "winged steeds" can be correctly attributed to Greek cultural development during Plato's lifetime, nor before his time. For nowhere in the history of Greece up to this period were the Greeks known to have these in their war machinery. And, it is without doubt or contradiction that they fought their wars with the Persians and Peloponnesians on the Mediterranean (Egyptian or Ionian) Sea. But, on the other hand, during this same period in world history the indigenous Africans of Egypt were known to be the main manufacturers of "chariots "; and also for their proficient breeding of horses -"winged steeds". (See, GENESIS, C. 45, V.27: C. 47, v. 17: DEUTERONOMY, C. 17, V. 16: I KINGS, C. 10, v. 28- KING JAMES VERSION of the Christians "HOLY BIBLE". Also, see Hebrew TORAH.)

Diogenes Laertius, Favotinus, and Aristoxenus (all of them Greeks) claimed that Plato's alleged discoveries in his "REPUBLIC" were all to be found in the controversies written by Protagoris who lived from 481 to 411 B.C.E. Therefore, at the time when Protagoris was a man, and writing his controversies, Plato was yet a very small boy indeed. (See, Diogenes Laertius, p. 311-327: Sir E.A. Wallis-Budge, BOOK OF THE DEAD(*The Book Of The Dead is a compendium of Egyptian writings which have been translated from papyri dealing with the Africans' of Egypt transmigration to the Nether World as per the Coffin Texts.), C. 17: Plato, REPUBLIC: THE IDEAL STATE, 111,415, V. 478, and VI, 490.)

The last example of the secrets the Greeks stole from the Africans , which modern "educators II prefer to call "GREEK PHILOSOPHY", appears in Aristotle's alleged work entitled - "DOCTRINE OF THE SOUL". Note that this philosophical goal is also found in the BOOK OF THE DEAD* (as translated into English from the Egyptians' COFFIN TEXTS) pages 29 through 64, where it is shown in all of its elaborate details: whereas, Aristotle used the information from the Coffin Texts very sparingly. This, of course, did not stop Aristotle's attempt to steal the authorship of Akhneton's DOCTRINE OF THE UNMOVED MOVER" -Proton Kinoun Akhneton, which came directly from the Memphite Theology's ATOM -the SUN GOD of Egypt (Kimit or Sais-**This philosophic principle is further detailed on page of this volume. (See Dr. A.C. Churchward's ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF RELIGION).) (consult "Memphite Theology" in Branfort's, HISTORYOF PHILOSOPHY, pp. 141-143: also George G.M. James, STOLEN LEGACY for further proof.)

The preceding revelations are only a few of the dominant examples of how academic dishonesty is utilized in labeling one of the indigenous Africans' major contributions to mankind in the field of social studies -"GREEK PHILOSOPHY". Yet, there seems to be no better source of exposure in this controversy than in the works of Sir. E.A. Wallis-Budge -BOOK OF THE DEAD, and OSIRIS. However, Professor George G.M. James' STOLEN LEGACY's critical analyses should be equally emphasized, especially since he was one of the first Black men in the Western Hemisphere willing to expose the notorious myth of a "GREEK PHILOSOPHY" that is supposed to be independent of its African origins.

In regards to this contention Professor James wrote the following: THE GREEKS WERE NOT THE AUTHORS OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY , BUT THE PEOPLE OF NORTH AFRICA, COMMONLY CALLED THE "EGYPTIANS".(* See title page of Professor George G.M. James' STOLEN LEGACY:Dr. A.C. Churchward, SIGNS AND SYMBOLS OF PRIMORDIAL MAN, and Sir Godfrey Higgins, ANACALYPSIS, 2 Vols; also Y. ben-Jochannan, AFRICAN ORIGINS OF THE MAJOR "WESTERN RELIGIONS"-Judaism, Christianity, Islam).

It is understandable, though not at all acceptable, why most "Western" (European and European-American) historians and other "educators" have to deny that the origin of philosophy and other major disciplines were first introduced to the world by the ancestors of indigenous Africans which so many of them prefer to label "AFRICANS SOUTH OF THE SAHARA, BLACK AFRICANS, BANTUS, HOTTENTOTS, NEGROES, COLOURED PEOPLE, PYGMIES, NIGGERS" , and a host of other such titles which are too numerous to list in this volume. This had to be done if the theory of the "INFERIORITY OF THE BLACKS" (indigenous Africans and their descendants through-out the world), with respect to Whites (Europeans and their descendants throughout the world), is to be forever perpetuated and maintained.

To admit that the Romiti(Egyptians), Kushites, Cartheginians, Ghanians, Moors or any other group of Africa's ancient indigenous peoples (who are today considered "inferior to Europeans and European-Americans") were the first teachers responsible for educating the ancient Greeks and Romans in civil living (social science "democracy") would in fact be admitting that all of the Europeans ("Caucasians") and their descendants were to a major extent "civilized" (cultured) by the same people who were supposedly their "inferiors". Upon such an admission, all of the major texts and trade books currently in use in European and European-American educational institutions dealing with the origin of science, law, pharmacology, religion, engineering, architecture, astronomy, philosophy, agriculture and every other discipline, would have to be totally revised, and in most cases discarded. The next step would have to be the re-education of the nations of Europe and European-America, including most of their "educators" who have willingly and knowingly distorted WORLD HISTORY, particularly that of Alkebu-lan (Africa), to suit their individual prejudice, bias, and religious bigotry about the "CHOSEN PEOPLE" status.

Following these two steps, it will be necessary to re-establish the indigenous Africans (most of whom are called "Negroes" and "Bantus") and their descendants to their original role as contributors to the world's High-Culture -which has been also misnomered "CIVILIZATION" by the same European and European-American "authorities" in the field of education.

In light of these remarks further investigation into the African origins of "GREEK PHILOSOPHY" and the existence of "GREEK PHILOSOPHERS" continues.

The following chronological data is presented to show that most of the ancient Greeks and Ionians of note were taught and influenced by Africans.( *Note that the indigenous Africans of Kimit(Egypt) originally came from East-Central Africa's Great Lakes region. Also, there were no natural barriers separating Africans from South, North, East or West Africa, as some "Western educators" have openly stated or implied. The countless documents and pictures are of African origins, and were very well known to "Western" scholars.) This data is presented without regards as to whether or not the Africans were called by any of the other names already mentioned, or to be mentioned, throughout this volume. The Africans referred to in this perspective were the ancestors of the African-Americans and African-Caribbeans who are presently designated "NEGROES" and other names of inferiority by European and European-American slavemasters of Europe, the united States of America, the Caribbean Islands, and European-South America. (Wherever necessary, copies of duplicated documents, pictures, and other visual materials are also presented as supportive and added proof.)

A CHRONOLOGICAL LISTING OF THE MOST NOTED SO-CALLED "Pre-Socratic GREEK PHILOSOPHERS "

Date BCE 640

THALES received all of his basic education in Egypt along with his associates Anaximander and Anaximenes. They were natives of Ionia -a Romitu (Egyptian) colony in Asia-Minor. Ionia was at the time one of the strongholds of the Africans' of Egypt and other Nile valley High-Cultures' Mysteries System Schools {or Lodges) outside of Egypt.

However they, as all others who entered such schools, had to study in Egypt for their advanced degrees leading to the Priesthood -the equivalent of the POST DOCTORATE DEGREE in PHILOSOPHY in any of the 20th Century C.E. universities throughout Europe and the united States of America. (See, E .M. Sandford, MEDITERRANEAN WORLD , pp. 195-2051 G.G.M. James, STOLEN LEGACY ; J.G. Jackson and Dr. W.N. Huggins, AN INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN CIVILIZATION.)

576 BCE

XENOPHANES, PARMENIDES, ZENO, and MELISSUS {all four of them natives of Egypt's colony -Ionia) migrated to Elea, Italy, after receiving most of their education in Kimit(Egypt) under the tutelage of indigenous Nile Valley professors of the Priesthood in the Mysteries System. They established themselves while spreading the teachings of the African Mysteries. From Italy they journeyed into Greece where they continued their prostilization of the "Egyptian Mysteries" -of which PHILOSOPHY was only one of the major disciplines.

540 BCE

PYTHAGORAS finished his education in Egypt and migrated to Croton, Southern Italy, shortly after returning to his native Island of Samos. From Elea he journeyed into West Greece where he established himself as a teacher in the fundamentals he learnt in the Mysteries System of Egypt.

530 BCE

HERACLITUS, EMPEDOCLES, ANAXAGORAS, and DEMOCRITUS were also natives of Ionia who became interested in physics. And, they too went to Greece after receiving their education in the Egyptian Mysteries System schools {Lodges) of their native homeland {at the time a colony of Egypt) and advanced studies in Egypt's "Secret Temples". In the Temples they were taught advanced disciplines and they were exposed to training and insights into the various SECRET SOCIETIES and DEGREES. Yet, not one of them completed the studies in the curriculum outline of the Mysteries 24- which was necessary to obtain the degree or title of PRIEST, and of course HIGH PRIEST.

460? 457? BCE

HERODOTUS arrived in Egypt for the purpose of receiving his education from African teachers. His curriculum included studies in history, science, philosophy, religion, medicine, law, civics, etc.; the same having been required for all other ENTERED APPRENTICES, which included all of the other Greeks that preceded and followed him.

399

SOCRATES was sentenced to death for "THE TEACHING OF A PHILOSOPHY WHICH IS ALIEN TO OUR (Greek) DIVINITIES. It was a philosophy which Socrates and all of the other Ionians and Greeks who preceded him learned of Kimit's(Egypt's) colony of Ionia or in Kimit(Egypt) proper. (See, Zeller's, HISTORYOF PHILOSOPHY, pp. 112, 127, 170-172.) It must be remembered that Plato and Aristotle also had to flee Athens for their life, as they too were found guilty of teaching and spreading the same African (Egyptians) philosophy they received in Egypt among the indigenous Nile Valleys and Great Lakes African teachers and priests of the Mysteries System. This analysis and explanation is expanded further on in this text.

In light of the above information it must be remembered that the period of ancient Greek and Ionian history, from Tales to Aristotle (640- 332 B.C.E.) , included the majority of the so-called IONIC PHILOSOPHERS, who were in fact not Greeks, but colonials of Egypt residing in Greece. Many of them were also Persian colonials after the Persians defeate' and conquest of the Africans of LOWER EGYPT about 525 B.C.E. (See, Zeller's, HISTORYOF PHILOSOPHY, pp. 37, 46, 58, 66-83, 112, 127, 170-172: William Turner, HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, pp. 34, 45, 53: Rogers' STUDENT HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, 15: D.B. Alexander, HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, pp. 13, 21: E.M. Sandford, THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD, pp. 157, 195- 205.)

"GREEK PHILOSOPHY", one must remember, is in itself a misnomer. Also, it is merely the continuation of the Africans' (Egyptians') philosophic teachings which they first carried into Ionia (at the time an Egyptian colony), and from Ionia it entered Italy, then finally Greece (Athens). (*One must recall that during this period in Greek history Greece was not a homogeneous country with respect to its human population. To the contrary, it was heterogeneous. This is the reason that the majority of the Greeks of ancient history were in fact only citizens of Athens, but not Athenians by birth. Most of them came from Asia-Minor, the Island of Samos or Northern Africa. Included in this was Herodotus, the Greek citizen "Western Educators" call "THE FATHER OF HISTORY", when in fact he learned his history from -the Africans of the Nile Valley High-cultures. He was the FATHER OF EUROPEAN HISTORY only.)

For example DIODORUS (Greek scholar) and MANETHO (High-Priest during the Greeks' colonial rule of Egypt) recorded that the philosophic "teachings" of the Africans of Egypt were written on columns etc. And, these columns were found as far off as Nyasa, Arabia. In the inscriptions of one of these columns were the images of the Goddess Isis and the God OSIRIS. On the column of the God OSIRIS the inscription revealed that he: " ...LED AN ARMY INTO INDIA, TO THE SOURCE OF THE GANGES, AND AS FAR AS THE INDUS OCEAN."

There could be no doubt that the Africans of the Egyptian (Kimit) empire and Mysteries System (at a very early date in history) included not only the islands off the Aegean Sea and Ionia (around today's Middle-East) but they also stretched to certain extremities of the Asian FAR-EAST.

The historical account in the above paragraph was not the only one in which the ancient indigenous Africans (labeled "Negroes" and other such stereotyped terms) are shown to have conquered all the way to India, and probably much further east. In 1900 B.C.E., during the XIIth Dynasty (2000- 1785 B.C.E.), Pharoah Senurset I conquered the coastline of India up to, and beyond, the Ganges River and to the Eastern Ocean (Indus or Indian Ocean). There in India, he left thousands of indigenous African soldiers, just as General Ganges (the Ethiopian for whom this river was named) did.

Those soldiers' offspring are only another segment of the present Indian population.31 During this same period Pharoah Senurset I also captured and colonized Cyclades and a large area of southeastern Europe, leaving there thousands of indigenous African soldiers who, along with their offsprings, amalgamated with the indigenous European (Caucasian, White) population.

The 1500 B.C.E. AMARNA LETTERS found in the government offices of Pharoah (King) Akhnaten (Ikhnaten, Amen-hotep IV -1370- 1352 B.C.E.) revealed that the African Empire of Kimit(Egypt) extended to western Asia -Syria and Palestine. It also indicated that for centuries Egyptian power had been supreme throughout ancient Africa, Europe, Asia, and their neighboring islands. Therefore, it is also obvious that Egyptian High-Culture, with all of its indigenous African Nile Valley ramifications, became the religious belief, law and order of every colony within the empire. (See, J.H. Breasted, CONQUEST OF CIVILIZATION, p. 84; DIODORUS, p. 128; Manetho, HISTORY OF EGYPT; Strabo, Dicaerchus, and John Kendrik's, ANCIENT EGYPT.)

LOOKING CLOSER INTO THE MISCONCEPTIONS OF THE EXISTENCE OF A BODY OF PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHTS OF ANCIENT EGYPT misnomered "GREEK PHILOSOPHY."

The book on nature commonly known as PERI PHYSEOS was allegedly written by Greek students who were interested in the study of nature. The earliest copies of this work are dated no further back into antiquity than the 16th Century B.C.E. Yet, PERI PHYSEOS was written in a manner that indicates an origin of at least c2000 B.C.E. or earlier, at which time the Greeks were not engaged in this height of High-Culture (civilization) or intellectual advancement. within the said work most of the doctrinal basis is shown to be copies from the Egyptian Mysteries, all of which are commonly detailed in the BOOK OF THE DEAD and other works of its kind. This was part of the source of the original repository for the forerunners of "GREEK PHILOSOPHY". (See, William Turner, HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, p. 62). The teachings in PERI PHYSEOS remained the exclusive domain of THE CENTER OF CULTURE OF THE ANCIENT WORLD It was exclusively of Egyptian origin until Egypt was conquered by Alexander "the Great" in 332 B.C.E.** This was true until the movements of Aristotle and his school of Greek students compiled the Africans' of Egypt works of the Mysteries System and claimed them to be his and other Greeks'. (See, C.H. Vail, ANCIENT MYSTERIES, p. 16).

Some of the other authors accredited with the origin of PERI PHYSEOS were Heraclitus, Anaximandes, Anaxagoras, and Parmenides. It is to be also noted that they were all students of African(Egyptian) Philosophy, as well as other learnings (disciplines) ; and that, they were not in fact Greeks, but instead Ionians. The SCHOOLS OF PHILOSOPHY of the ancient Chaldeans, Greeks, and Persians were extensions of the ancient Mysteries System and other Nile Valley High-Cultures systems of philosophical thoughts.

This is the reason why in Greece, Chaldea, and Persia the students of these schools were repeatedly persecuted, prosecuted, and murdered. Why? Because of their "...ALIEN TEACHINGS. " It is not strange that in only one place were the teachings of the Africans of Egypt unchallenged by heads of government, and that was in Alkebu-lan (Africa) One must remember that all of the instructions were given in secret according to the demands of the OSIRICA, whose teachings were common among all of the schools or lodges. The Osirican laws came down from the MOTHER LODGE centered in Sais (Egypt) -the GRAND LODGE OF LUXOR.* Why? Because all colonial (subordinate) Grand Lodges were chartered by the Mother Lodge -LUXOR.

The reliance upon Aristotle to establish the authorship of the Africans' works he stole, which when compiled is called "GREEK PHILOSOPHY", is by any stretch of the imagination incredulous. For nowhere in history is Aristotle accredited with one singular writing of any sort before he totally sacked the temples and lodges of the African Mysteries in Egypt upon his arrival in 332 B.C.E. with Alexander "the Great" as conquerors of Egypt. Subsequent to the conquest of Egypt by the Greeks, the African works Aristotle did not place under his own name he attributed to his fellow Greek colleagues, many of whom have no records of existence except for their alle,ged authorship of certain works that relate in too many ways to secrets of the Africans of Egypt which they could not have possibly known unless they too were part and parcel of the Egyptian Mysteries system. (See, Alfred Weber, HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, p. 16; "Theophrastus. FRAGMENT2 apud Diels", as shown in the introduction of Weber's work).

There is in existence a list of alleged GREEK PHILOSOPHERS who were "personae non gratis" (undesirables) within the Greek State in which they were citizens yet, they continued accepting their source of wisdom and knowledge from Egypt at the risk of physical injuries to themselves. They were men who kept their records in their head, and operated in deepest secrecy in fear of the State (Greece)* persecuting them for being: "...TEACHERS OF AN ALIEN PHILOSOPHY...,"* which was solely the teachings of the indigenous Africans of the Mysteries System commonly in use along the Nile Valleys and Great Lakes regions of Northern, Eastern, and Central Africa.

The following listings include some of the most noted men who were labeled GREEK and IONIAN "Philosophers", also pre and post Socratic "Philosophers" . It will be noted that a few of them have been introduced earlier1 however, not in the sense of their established existence recorded in the works of any noted historian.

The following, therefore, is an accounting -chronologically - of these men's existence, if in fact they existed.

THE PRE-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERS

640 BCE

THALES: Diogenes(*Diogenes Laentius was the first to establish a CHRONOLOGY on the so-called "GREEK PHILOSOPHERS".), said he was born in 640. Turner, HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, placed it at 620; A.K. Rogers, HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, at 624; and W.G. Tenneman, HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, at about 600.

570 BCE

XENOPHANES: Diogenes is very doubtful of his date of birth, but, he speculated that it was 570. Most "Western" historians speculate that it is totally unknown, but refuse to dismiss him from existence. Yet, Zeller sets it at 576.

546 BCE

ANAXIMENES: Diogenes accredited his birth to 546. Fuller, Rogers, and Thilly in their respective works, each entitled HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, refused setting any date what-so-ever. D.B. Alexander set it at 560; and Rogers at approximately 600.

580 / 570 BCE

PYTHAGORAS: Diogenes supposedly figured that he flourished during the dates between 580 and 570. Turner, Alexander, Rogers, and Tennenman established 582 to 500 as the approximate dates.

504 / 400 BCE

HERACLITUS: Diogenes believed that he flourished during the periods between 504 to 500. Zeller presupposes that he was born in 535; William Turner set it at 500; and Windelbrand at 536.

500 BCE

ANAXAGORAS: Diogenes' confidence was manifested in the date of 500. Turner, Rogers, and Alexander elected not to share Diogenes' enthusiasm and remained mute.

500 BCE

PARMENIDES: Diogenes established the date of his birth at approximately 500. Rogers, Fuller, and Thilly said no date what-so-ever of this man's birth could be found in available records.

484 BCE

EMPEDOCLES: Diogenes placed his birth at 484. Rogers, Turner, Windelbrand, Fuller, and Alexander calculated that it was about 490.

464 BCE

XENO: Diogenes found it impossible to establish any date 460 what-so-ever for this man's existence in history, much less his being a philosopher. However, he speculatively concluded that the date of his birth was 464 or 460. D.B. Alexander, Frank Thilly, and William Turner (in their respective works entitled HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY)placed the date at 490; whereas, A.K. Rogers, Frank Fuller and W.G. Tenneman declared that the date is definitely unknown.

It must be also noted, that none of the personalities so labeled -GREEK PHILOSOPHERS -were in existence within one thousand years after the Africans of Egypt published any of their works that appear in the BOOK OF THE DEAD, also in OSIRIS. Not one of them lived during the period of the IIIrd Dynasty (2789-2680 BCE), at which time Imhotep(the "God of Medicine" or Aescalapius according to Hypocrates) wrote philosophically; neither were they in existence when other Africans of Egypt, Kush (Ethiopia), Uganda, Kongo, Carthage, and other ancient African High-Cultures were preaching and teaching philosophy and other disciplines which are today co-opted into what is called "GREEK PHILOSOPHY". Yet, most of the so-called "Greek Philosophers" have allegedly written on the same subjects, and reached the exact conclusions, almost word for word as their African teachers and forerunners; all of which is called "GREEK PHILOSOPHY". But, most of them were persecuted for teaching their own Greek philosophical developments.

 The following list deals with the so-called Post_Socaratic Philosophers. Yet, it is still unique that they had no historical data relative to their date of appearance into the world. There are no ancient records of their early youth, except for very few that are not mentioned here. It is also very strange that only SOCRATES, PLATO, and ARISTOTLE'S, of the so-called "GREEK PHILOSOPHERS", births are not truly subject to question. Most of them are only names; no other information about their birth and background is available anywhere, including in Greece.

THE POST-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERS

325 BCE

ARISTOTLE: Except for his teaching in the gymnasium in Athens nothing is written about this personality. His fame begins with his entrance into Egypt (Kimit or Sais) with Alexander "the Great" .(the son of Phillip of Macedonia) during the Greeks' invasion and conquest of the Africans in 332 B.C.E. The next time he is spoken of is when he led Greek soldiers in sacking the Lodges and Libraries of Egypt of everything movable. He is seen looting and destroying the most valuable works of the Africans' Mysteries System, these works predated his birth by thousands of years. The Africans' works which he did not claim or give to friends he destroyed in various ways -the most common method being by the torch-as stated before. He stole and plagiarized these works, many of them he placed his name as author; still others were accredited to him by so-called "authorities" of much later periods in history.

274 BCE

ERATOSTHENES: Called a "Stoic", compiled a chronology of his countrymen which he too called "GREEK PHILOSOPHERS" or other names to this effect. All of the men he listed were proven to have copied extensively from the works of the Africans of Nile Valleys and Great Lakes High-Cultures.

140 BCE

APOLLODORUS: He drew up another (the second) chronology of the sort arranged by Eratosthenes, upon whose original works during 274 to 194 B.C.E. he depended. He was equally as guilty as his predecessor for calling them "GREEK PHILOSOPHERS".

60 / 70 BCE

ADRONICUS: The so-called "Eleventh Head of the PERIPATIC SCHOOL" drew up another (the Third) chronology of the "Greek Philosophers". He dealt with those who supposedly lived during his lifetime. (See, "introduction" to Zeller's HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY.)

In cross referencing the alleged works by the so-called "GREEK PHILOSOPHERS" against the works of the Africans of the Nile Valleys and Great Lakes regions, as shown in the BOOK OF THE DEAD, and OSIRIS,( *The BOOK OF THE DEAD, also OSIRIS, are English translations of abstracts from the COFFIN TEXTS and other teachings by the ancient indigenous Africans of the more than 4,100 miles long Nile Valley (from Uganda to the Mediterranean Sea). The translator was Sir. E.A. Wallis Budge, formerly Keeper of the Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities of the British Museum. There are countless other works that are comparative to Wallis Budge's.) also many other major works in Egyptology, it is discovered that everything the Greeks have written stem from African Origins of thousands of years before the possibility of their own birth.

The Roman Emperor Justinian, whose EDICT closed the African's of Egypt Mysteries System and Philosophical Schools in Egypt and Greece, also plunged all of Europe into utter ignorance for more than ten centuries. At the same instance it allowed the Greeks to maintain total control over all of the data they seized (stole) from the Mysteries' repositories in UPPER and LOWER Egypt. It also gave them added opportunity to rewrite, and otherwise plagiarize, the Africans' works -which included among other disciplines -PHILOSOPHY.

However, during this period, systemized education on the scale which the Africans had developed, and the Greeks overtook, disappeared, even in Egypt. But, the Greeks showed no creative genius in perpetuating the confiscated data under their control, as their African teachers were no longer available to them, and they were unable to improve upon what they remembered as a result of their tutelage under their African teachers in Egypt and Greece. (See, Sedgwick and Tyler, HISTORY OF SCIENCE, pp. 141 and 163~ also, the Introduction to Zellers' HISTORYOF PHILOSOPHY, p. 31.)

In analyzing that which is called "GREEK PHILOSOPHY", one has to constantly remember that a later group of indigenous Africans of North Africa -called MOORS(*African peoples who originally moved up the coast from what is today called MAURITANIA (Ancient Mauritus), all of whom came from points further south. These were not the Arab-Moors -who did not arrive in Africa until 640 C.E. or 18 A.H. during the Moslems' invasion of North Africa, they are the African-Moors, the ones who first entered Iberia in 711 C.E. with General Tarikh) -had preserved much of their ancestors' (the Africans of the Nile Valleys and Great Lakes High-Cultures) teachings about the Mysteries -of which PHILOSOPHY was one of the many disciplines. Unfortunately, most of the works by the Moors remain untranslated into the English language from the Arabic language which the African-Moors adopted after their forced conversion to Islam, thereby denying most of the information to the average English-reading public.

This had allowed those who have control of such information to distort such information to appear that their ancestors were in fact the originators of the Africans of Egypt and other Nile valleys High-cultures. The works in question included treatises and compendiums in science, medicine, pharmacology, astronomy, law, and other branches of the SEVEN LIBERAL ARTS. Yet, most of the works the Moors translated from Hieroglyphics to Arabic were also used by men such as Leonardo pisano' for his mathematical thesis, and of course those which he did in philosophy and morals, natural science. and metaphysics. Other academically great works originating from the compilations of the Moors were translated by Guideo "the Monk of Arezzo" in his musical notations. Of course there are countless others worth mentioning here; but their listing will not change anything at this time. (See, Tyler and Sedgwick, HISTORY OF SCIENCE, Chapter IX).

The African-Moors"extensive knowledge of ancient Egypt was due to their constant cultural exchanges with their indigenous African brothers of Egypt through their Caliphates. (See, Ault's, EUROPE IN THE MIDDLE AGES, pp. 216-219). It should be also noted that members of medieval European science and other disciplines - such as Copernicus, Roger Bacon, and Johann Kepler, received their source of basic science from African-Moor {and of others who were of African-Arab-Berber Moorish stock) works. (See, C.H. Vail, ANCIENT MYSTERIES, pp. 59, 61, 75; Philo: P.K. Hit ti, HISTORY OF THE ARABS, pp. 370,629, 665, 572: and Annie Besant, ESOTERIC CHRISTIANITY, pp. 107, 128, 129: also Copernicus and Kepler's works in the GREAT BOOKS OF THE WESTERN WORLD published by Encyclopedia Britannica.)

From all of the evidence so far cited, all of which history reveals had an African origin, one wonders how the name "GREEK PHILOSOPHY" can still justifiably stand. But, the evidence also show why it should be of no surprise to anyone that the African-Americans ("Negroes" or whatever) must be denied their ancient Nile Valleys and Great Lakes heritage: and why it will continue.

Why must this remain so'? Because such behavior among "Western" educators is the only method available to them in perpetuating the "GREAT MYTH" that. .. "NORTH AFRICA'S HISTORY IS CAUCASIAN...," etc.

Yet, the records of world history will continue proving that...AFRICA IS THE CRADLE OF MAN'S HIGH-CULTURES : a sort of GARDEN OF EDEN, but not of the type mentioned in the Hebrew TORAH, Christian HOLY BIBLE, or Moslem KORAN. And, Sais,* which the Hebrews renamed "EGYPT", was the nation where the ancient indigenous people of KIMIT (the ROMITU)** (from the Great Lakes region of present day Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Kongo, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Rhodesia), Monomotapa (Mozambique), Burundi, Rwanda, Somaliland, and other areas of Central and East Africa) reached their zenith. From these areas the indigenous African High-Cultures (civilizations) travelled along in the same direction as the flow of the Blue and White Nile rivers-from Uganda to the Kimit Sea48(renamed the Mediterranean Sea) in a south to north direction. From the shores of ALKEBU-LAN (Africa. Olympia. Coryphe. Ortygia. Ethiopia, and a host of other names by which this continent has been called) these High-Cultures crossed over into Greece and Italy~ from thence into all of the other lands of Europe until it arrived in the AMERICAS {with the CARIBBEAN ISLANDS included). It is to be noted that Kimit is in the LOW LANDS of the Nile region, the DELTA -named after the lowest Greek letter of the alphabet which it appears to represent in shape.

*Sais is the name Egypt was called at the time the Haribus of Abraham's era entered that area of Africa (1640 B.C.E.). Note that the word JEW is a misnomer for the work JUDAH -one of the Haribu tribes. **The term, or name, of Egypt, and of Egyptians, is not Egyptian. The Egyptians called themselves ROMITU or ROTU, and their country KIMIT, or RAM -THE BLACK LAND. " (See Dr. Albert Churchward , ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN RACE, p. 403. )